Herman Melville - Moby Dick - the best American novel, I think. By turns funny, tragic and always illustrative of the human condition. Here is where Ilearned the lesson "Better to sleep with a sober cannibal than a drunken Christian."
William Faulkner - The Sound and the Fury . Would you believe, Oprah's Book of the Month for July...after As I Lay Dying and before Light in August....these'll shake up some cobwebs in millions of skulls! It might get people reading Faulkner.
Fyodor Dostoyevsky - Crime and Punishment - Did anyone else ever peer deeper into the human soul - or lack of one? It is almost like the reptile collection at the Bronx Zoo....repulsive, yes...but you just HAVE to look and in so looking, you often see much of yourself.
Raymond Chandler - The Big Sleep - Chandler was a slumming angel, wandering the boulevards of Los Angeles when Los Angeles was a corrupt town, perched between its wild west/wildcatting/tinseltown origins and the last vestiges of the Jazz Age and gangersterism while on the cusp of newfound riches from the war mixed in with much racial tension. Read his earlier stuff first.
Jim Thompson - The Killer Inside Me - about ten-fifteen years ago, pulpy noir novels were rediscovered (mainly to pad publishers' lists) just as hard boiled fiction was rediscovered about twenty years before that, for the same reason. Literature either stands or falls on it own merits; doesn't matter who wrote it or its genre. As with hard boiled fiction, noir was, in anything, over-appreciated for awhile there, but this one....this one is very good. Dialogue is wooden, characters predictable and you can tell he was getting paid by the word...no matter...when Lou Ford kills the kid he is holding in the cell, you truly peer into the heart of darkness.....
Finally.....that bane of English students everywhere.....
James Joyce - Finnegans Wake - it looks impenetrable and it is...but when you get into it....when you don't try to understand it, but you just sit back and dig it, it is perhaps the funniest and most profound book ever written. It's all a big riddle, like Pynchon, but unlike Pynchon, when you solve it, you feel it was worth the effort.