...Isn't there a national curriculum in the USA as there is in the UK?
No, as others have said, each state sets its own standards. For example:
Curriculum and Instruction
K-12 Content Standards
Science
Local school districts are responsible for meeting the standards. Meeting the standards is quite a challenge, to put it mildy, especially areas with high poverty and/or crime rates. Many school buildings are in a state of disrepair. They often can't afford up-to-date materials like books, media, and lab equipment. They can't attract and retain quality teachers. There is often a lot of tension between the state and the local districts with regards to how to overcome these problems in order to meet the standards.
Then introduce a national curriculum where what's taught is the standard scientifically accepted.
That's easier said than done. If the State of Florida can't agree on it's education standards, it would only be that much harder to get the entire U.S. to agree on a single, nationwide curriculum. Rather than solving the controversy, it would intensify the controversy, and probably introduce many new controversies that haven't come up yet.
Also, I trust many states, including the Florida (or, more specifically, the Flordia Department of Education) to do a better job of setting standards that I would the federal government, at least with the current administration.
...the current US administration would support the inclusion of Intelligent Design, etc. in the science curriculum because they are pandering to their right wing conservative base. If there were a national commission charged with creating a curriculum, it would be loaded up with "political officers" just as all the government scientific advisory groups have had.
Right.
Also, I agree with what Jason said about NCLB and what JustAsking said about American attitudes towards the federal government. Also, JustAsking is correct about evolution being a fact and a scientific theory.
Scientific theories don't "prove" anything. They're not meant to. Rather, they provide a rational explanation for observable, measurable phenomena. Scientific theories must be supported by evidence, but they don't always explain everything, because we never have all the facts. Evolution is a particularly strong theory, because it has survived the test of time. Not only did it fit the facts that Darwin had available to him at the time, but it still works after 150 years of scientific discovery. In fact, everything we've learned in the past 150 years (e.g., genetics) does nothing to discredit the theory of evolution--quite the contrary, it provides additional support for the theory.
The teaching of science does not mean the teaching of evolution...Why is one theory considered so integral for learning science, when in fact it is not?
Are you suggesting that we should not teach biology or just that evolution is not an important aspect of this brach of science? In either case, I have to disagree with you. Otherwise, I agree with everything else you wrote.
I strongly encourage everyone to watch this video. It's long (nearly 2 hours), but it clearly explains why intelligent design is not a scientific theory, and, in the process, why evolution is such a good theory (and, really, the only scientific theory we have on speciation).
YouTube - Ken Miller on Intelligent Design