I MUST re-emphasise that this is one picture of one couple and what the combintation of THEIR body parts are doing.
The vagina does extend past the cervix, especially during arousal. I have read that the average woman goes from about 3 to 4 inches unaroused to about 5 to 6.5 inches fully aroused. I have no specific data on this and am quoting from memory, nor do I think much verifiable data even exists! Yes, there are certainly women who can take 12'' dildoes, and I do wonder how much stretching has occured for that to happen.
I can speak best from my own experience. I can personally feel the movement of my internal organs during intercourse, but that was not always the case. I think it was a matter of paying attention to it and feeling more comfortable with myself sexually. Also, during a period of extended celibacy, I masturbated a lot more, and you just get to know your body better that way, as most men already know. It was during this time that I discovered ejaculating orgasms from extended contact with the cervix. I don't know if more women could do this is they experimented with it, I can tell you it was far from comfortable when I originally did it. There's a feeling of oversensitivity that we can easily associate with "pain", and our natural reaction is to recoil from pain. I actually had to push myself mid-orgasm to continue thrusting, and I did find that a pocket opened deeper to allow for more penetration. Of course, I have no scientific data, but neither does anyone else. I surfed the web in earnest looking for something wriiten by a credible scientist and found nothing but a lot of either flat out salesmen, or just other people like me who were stating their own experience. The few pseudo-science sites I found did not have any ring of truth to them at all. In short, I don't believe any credible research has been done, the best we have at the current time is just the combination of people's different experiences.
Male orgasm, being external, is easier to see and quantify, not to mention that most scientists have traditionally been men. Female orgasm is a topic many men shrink from, so I don't think an avalanche of information is heading down the highway.