Ha! I wrote a paper on this! (I knew college would come in handy!

note in advance: one of the major failings of this paper was my failure to distinguish between creationism and intelligent design, as supporters of intelligent design do.
Creating a New Debate: Creationism and Evolution in Public Schools
Since Darwins publication of On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection in 1859, the theory of evolution has been under attack by Christian creationists. According to University of Minnesota professor Randy Moore, Tennessee was the first state to enact a law against teaching evolution, the Butler Act; the famous Scopes trial of 1925, in which a high school substitute biology teacher was convicted of teaching evolution, was a turning point in how evolution teaching was regarded. After Scopes conviction, discussions of evolution quickly disappeared from American high school biology textbooks. Moore says that this anti-evolution bias continued almost unchallenged until the late 1950s, when the United States government became concerned about our students science performance in comparison to the Soviet Union. With the National Defense Education Act and the introduction of the Biological Sciences Curriculum Study (BSCS) textbooks, which credited evolutionary theory with unifying and making sense of all of the life sciences, evolutionary theory became more common in biology textbooks. By 1970, Moore says, nearly half of all high schools in the United States had adopted the BSCS books, prompting commercial publishers to include evolution in order to compete. Several state and federal Supreme Court cases between 1968 and 1987 challenged the teaching of evolution and were defeated. Then in 1987 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against Louisianas Balanced Treatment Act, saying that it advances a religious doctrine by requiring either the banishment of the theory of evolution from public school classrooms or the presentation of a religious viewpoint that rejects evolution in its entirety. The Act violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment because it seeks to employ the symbolic and financial support of government to achieve a religious purpose.
The teaching of creationism in public schools, either to the exclusion of evolution or in equal time with evolution, was ruled unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court seventeen years ago. So why is this debate still raging in school boards and courts all over the country? It seems that creationism has recieved a facelift, aided primarily by its new name: intelligent design. Although proponents of teaching intelligent design are overwhelmingly Christian, they insist that it has nothing to do with the creation story in Genesis and so does not violate the First Amendment. This reflects the narrow view of some Christians, who seem to think that their religion is the only one. Although 77% of Americans describe themselves as Christians, the United States is still a spiritually diverse country. If 77% of people describe themselves as Christians, that means that 33% (a third of the country) do not.
According to University of Georgia professor Barry A. Palevitz, there is a fundamental misunderstanding among teachers and students of the scientific philosophy, which needs to be remedied with more complete scientific education. The new battle to get the idea of intelligent design into the classroom, led by the same fundamentalist Christians who led the crusade for creationism, is just a thinly vieled attempt to invade the sphere of science with religious philosophy.
The battle seems to stem from a fundamental misunderstanding between creationists and scientists, Palevitz says. Creationists attack evolution by saying that it is just a theory, citing unexplained phenomena that they say indicate supernatural intervention. This is an old argument, but yesterdays scientific mysteries, such as how the eye developed, have now been explained scientifically. Todays attackers of evolution have moved on to new unknowns which science will likely explain in the future. Some scientists attack creationism in return, claiming that there is no scientific data supporting it, but this tactic ignores the fundamental issue at stake.
Religion and science are two completely different, separate, but not necessarily conflicting modes of thought. Science is based on objective data, subjected to repeated tests, sent out for criticism and arguments by peer reviewers, and always open to revision. A scientific theory can be changed to accommodate new information or, in extreme cases, thrown out completely. In contrast, religious creation stories are accepted as absolute and complete truth which cannot be revised. They derive their authority from a subjective source, such as the Bible, in the case of Genesis, rather than objective measurements and observation. Despite the outraged arguments of fundamentalists, this means that creation science, a popular euphamism for biblical creationism, simply does not fit the definition of science. Creationism cannot be scientific fact because its authority does not derive from objective data and the scientific method, but from its absolutely authoritative source.
This does not mean that creationism is not fact, it simply means that it does not belong in the science classroom. Calling creationism science is a misnomer; it is an inaccurate depiction of the value of biblical authority. The value of religion is moral and spiritual. It gives us guiding principles by which to live our lives and lends value to our pursuits. Science cannot do this. Trying to teach creation myths, which are unalterable stories with an absolute authority, as science belittles those myths.
Just as teaching creationism as science belittles biblical authority, failing to teach evolutionary theory belittles the faith and intellect of religious youth and their parents. Parents who fight to keep their children from learning about evolution admit their inability to effectively convey their beliefs to their children. Faith, by definition, should hold up to all challenges. Claiming that children should only learn what they already know reveals the fear that those children will abandon their faith if they learn something that contradicts it. Understanding the opposite viewpoint does not lead to conversion; often it confirms faith in ones own beliefs. Children should be armed with the information they need to critically evaluate both evolution and creationism and come to their own conclusions. The goal of schooling is to teach children. In the science classroom, they learn about established scientific theories; in the history classroom, they learn established versions of history; they have the more than seventeen hours a day they are not in school to learn the established doctrines of their religion.
The United States Constitution and hundreds of Supreme Court decisions uphold separation of church and state and equal rights for all. Using taxpayer dollars to ensure that a Christian creation myth is taught alongside science unfairly ignores the thousands of other recognized religions in the United States. The Christian parents and school board officials who cry out against the teaching of evolution would probably be further outraged if their children learned the creation myths of other religions alongside their own. In a debate over distributing Bibles to students in Charles County, Maryland, school board Chairman Kathy Levandusky said, Voodoo is a recognized religion. Wicca is a recognized religion. My biggest concern with opening [is that] we open to all. The creation myths of these religions should be just as valuable, from the governments standpoint, as the Christian creation myth. Separation of church and state demands that the government cannot help any church, monetarily or otherwise, to further its religious goals. Attempting to indoctrinate children by teaching them the Christian creation story as fact is an unconstitutional breach of the separation of church and state.
The Christian majority has used their influence and a new name to make creationism in schools an issue once again, but the arguments against it have not changed. Teaching creationism is bad science, unfair to Christian children and parents, and a clear violation of the separation of church and state.