I don't think we'll ever objectively know, but I think there are underlying truths when we look at the commonly held tropes of overcompensation demonstrated by either gender. I suspect you could switch the penis size metric with height and get similar results in that men whom dont naturally possess certain generally accepted tenets of masculine attraction(height, musculature, penis size, facial features/symmetry, etc.) are certainly motivated to work that much harder on the obtainable tenets such as fame, economic stability and success, and influence/power as attractive qualities for building one's own foundation and for attracting mates.
I suspect the trope about women's sexual tenacity and willingness being inversely proportional to how much they conform to mens sexual gaze and beauty standards is the other side of this coin.