There is the classical notion of the pth Betti number b_p[X] of a finite CW-complex X, for instance a closed manifold, which is the dimension of the complex vector space H_p(X;C). Consider a G-covering p:cl(X) -> X. If G is infinite, the pth Betti number of cl(X) may be infinite and hence useless. Using some input from functional analysis involving Hilbert spaces, group von Neumann algebras and traces one can define the pth L²-Betti number b_p²(cl(X)) of the total space cl(X) as the non-negative real numbe given by the von Neumann dimension of the (reduced) L²-homology of cl(X).
The bibliography at the back of the book lists 535 sources.
One that I've read lately that isn't boring so much as just unbeautifully written was The DaVinci Code. I wasn't expecting all that much, but I did at least expect decent literary turn of phrase. I sure won't be picking up any more of Mr. Brown's works.
Which reminds me - I don't read all that much modern fiction. I wait to see if a book is still around after 50 or 100 years - there's nothing like old Chronos to filter out the dross for us mere mortals. But I did actually start to read Foucalt's Pendulum. The writing (all right, translation from Italian) wasn't too bad, but Ecco can absolutely waste ten pages leading up to a joke which hardly rates a sentence. It's a brick made of tofu; there's nothing there but two glossy covers with a spacer in between. But I couldn't list it here as I didn't finish. I gave up when I realized that Ecco hadn't the slightest idea of the physical significance of the Foucault pendulum. So far as I could make out, he had it exactly backwards. Fair enough, inertial space is perhaps a difficult concept to grasp in the abstract, but he did pick it as the title, so he has a special responsibility to know what he's talking about. Well, I wasn't about to slog through the rest of the persiflage to see what else Ecco didn't understand. Phooey, I could spend my time better by reading old copies of Newsweek.
I found Great Expectations to be dry and tedious, but it was forced on me in the 8th grade, and that may have been a little early. In any case, I found the character of Miss Havisham to be a lot more fascinating than the character of Pip, and was miffed that the story wasn't about her instead.
The version used in school lit books deletes at least half the story, about 300 pages. Pip and the other characters are much better developed in the full version. I thought it was pretty dreadful until I read the whole thing and found it quite good. As a result, I refuse to read condensed or edited versions of books.
Another thing I hate is reading the beginning of a trilogy or tetralogy and waiting for the author to get around to writing the rest of the story. That damned Ricardo Pinto has owed the third book in his trilogy for a number of years, and like a fool I started Sarah Monette's Melusine tetralogy, but she has two more books to write. Both of them are good writers, and I want the rest of the books yesterday.
I was the only person in my 8th grade class that liked The Good Earth.
That's why I put in the requirement that one had to finish it. Without that, most near everyone's most boring book would be something by Joyce.
Other books have boring stuff that readers often skip, like the technical stuff about whaling in Moby Dick, or the dwarf songs in Lord of the Rings. But those pale in comparison with a professional bore like Joyce.
The only person I've met who claimed to have finished one of his - Ulysses, I think - was a bona-fide literature major, so I suppose he had to, just as a matter of semi-professional pride.
For Whom the Bell Tolls.
Loved Cryptomonicon, but I also loved Quicksilver. I can see your point about it, though. I am a sucker for reading anything about science during the Enlightenment, though. So, I won't dispute your issues with Quicksilver.: ...The Cryptonomicon and/or The System of the World. Youre money will be much better spent.