alex8 said:The issue with these terms is that they are highly contested and have thus far been rejected by official government agencies (in numerous nations) on the basis of their problematic nature. The argument goes: that to pigeonhole some people as bi- or multi-racial is to suggest that others, by contrast, are 'pure' in race... whereas the vast majority of those identifying as being of one particular race will in fact have some degree of hybridity in their racial make-up. In this sense, the rejection of the terms bi- and multi-racial is intended to counter the illusory 'purist' beliefs of racial supremacists and segregationists.
Likewise, there has also been a problematic history with terms in the US that sought to highlight "every last drop of black blood" in people to racist ends: mulattoes, quadroons, octoroons, etc. In this sense also, the terms bi- and multi-racial have tended to be rejected on the basis of potentially replicating this subdivision of people to negative ends. (A comparable problem exists here in Germany with trying to find terms that do not echo back to Nazi ideology along the lines of Halbjude [half-Jew], Vierteljude [quarter-Jew], etc.).
And I have to agree that these are all perfectly legitimate concerns. However... they still leave an awful lot of people forced to tick the "other" box on forms, because there is no other place for them to be accomodated; or else having to straitjacket themselves into ticking a box for a single race, thus denying some of their own heritage as well. I have no idea what valid solution there might be to overcome this... [other than perhaps introducing a system whereby people can enter their own choice of terminology for their racial/ethnic make-up... but this in turn would doubtless obfuscate the very possibility of drawing up simplified statistical breakdowns along the lines that these tickboxes seek to establish in the first place.
No way we have to embrace the US academics and views of race and racism that says something like: anyone (in the US or in the world) with any Black heritage must see themselves as black. They insist in see everything from the US and European perspective. Its a first world way of thinking and narrow too. No one is perfect only because has great power and richness.
One who study must look outside the American experience if they are going to judge another culture views of their on races...i find very strange a country that only in 1967 declared wrong many terrible things that kept races apart by the law, have the "nerves" to think they are absolutely right in their studies about race and racism (in other nations too?
Most brazilians are poor of every race, most of middle class and wealthy are "white" (by brazilian term of white not american) races divisions are not clear but classes are.
Well, the Portugueses who colonize us seems had no problem mixing with other colors maybe because they were considered by the northern European "less pure" (like the Spanish and Italians too) Our original settlers were encouraged to have relationships with the native indians and later the slaves, they had some segregation rules but they were always broken...for this we are one of the most heterogeneous population in the world and we are trihybrid with European, Ameridian and African roots.
I do have to be pround of Brazil mostly for that.:smile:
"love has killed in Brazil the possibility of a supreme biological expression. Hatred has created in America the glory of human eugenism". (Lobato, 1926, as quoted in Cristaldo, 2003)