I'm not a fan of the way things are right now - obviously. However the problem is partisan divide is more entrenched than ever. People are not compromising. Compromise was the critical component to function. This is why there are two legislative bodies that have to work together, and why one, the Senate moves slowly, by design - to tame the people's house - i.e. - the mob.
As
@Industrialsize noted we would need an amendment to do this - probably more than one and they are hard to pass, even for 'good ideas.' Frankly the idea of a constitutional convention scares the hell out of me with lobbyists running wild and writing a new constitution for the assembled idiots.
I don't think the proposal works because it does not change the underlying condition of entrenched partisan positions. A like the idea about more representatives so each district can be better represented, but given gerrymandering is legal even that is fraught with problems. Small states will not surrender their outsized influence. This is a key issue with eliminating the electoral college. It was a key promise is getting the states to agree to form a nation.
Change has to start with votes saying - 'enough of these assholes.' and voting the out - not imposed term limits for Congress, change mandated by voters. Until we offer voters in Kentucky a better choice than Mitch we are going to stay locked. Until we reach that rare point where people say, "I think (fill in the blank) has to go, even though I voted for him in the past" we're not going to see change.
This election offers some hope there, with the Senate. Until GOP senators are replaced because voters want change, we're not moving forward. Educating voters to change would be easier (but not easy) than an amendment and a leap away from a system that has been critical for our survival, even as that system hurts us now.
When Yang ran for office on UBI most people were skeptical. As people at least slowly looked at it, the idea gained some support. Still - it is a big leap for s country that hates to mandate insurance for everyone. Now, after the pandemic hits and incomes are collapsed by "the flu" I'll bet more people are open to working with that idea now that they see how companies and corporate interests have been bailed at the expense of workers.
I'm not sure a system change is needed or would work, as proposed in the OP, but if we can get voters to change the Senate in a wave, we might see progress. We have to bring back compromise.